The working voltage of the battery

The working voltage of the battery

Working voltage, also known as terminal voltage, refers to the potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes of a battery when there is current flowing through the circuit during operation. In the discharge working state of the battery, when current flows through the inside of the battery, it needs to overcome the resistance caused by the internal resistance of the battery, which will cause ohmic voltage drop and electrode polarization. Therefore, the working voltage is always lower than the open circuit voltage, and the opposite is true during charging, where the terminal voltage is always higher than the open circuit voltage. The result of polarization is that the terminal voltage of the battery is lower than its electromotive force when discharging, and higher than its electromotive force when charging.

Due to the phenomenon of polarization, there may be a certain deviation between the instantaneous voltage and the actual voltage during the charging and discharging process of the battery. During charging, the instantaneous voltage is slightly higher than the actual voltage, and polarization disappears and the voltage drops after charging is completed; During discharge, the instantaneous voltage is slightly lower than the actual voltage, and after discharge, polarization disappears and the voltage rises.