The Working Principles of Lithium-ion Batteries and Fuel Cells

A lithium-ion battery is an energy storage device. Currently, commonly used lithium-ion batteries can be categorized by cathode materials into lithium iron phosphate batteries, ternary batteries, and lithium manganese oxide batteries. Taking lithium iron phosphate batteries as an example: during discharge, the lithium iron phosphate in the cathode combines with lithium ions transported from the anode via the electrolyte and electrons conducted through the external circuit to form lithium iron phosphate. The lithium embedded in the graphite layers of the anode is released, becoming lithium ions and electrons that are separately transported to the cathode through the electrolyte and the external circuit.
Bangliwei Company requires that lithium batteries from different manufacturers and batches must not be mixed for use
At its core, a fuel cell is a type of generator that converts chemical energy from fuel and oxidants directly into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions without combustion. As a result, fuel cells are not constrained by the Carnot cycle and exhibit high energy conversion efficiency. When functioning as an electricity generation device, fuel cells can achieve an efficiency of up to 60%. In combined heat and power (CHP) applications, their efficiency can even reach 80%.