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Common military lithium batteries include lithium-ion batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries, lead-acid batteries, fuel cells, etc. Compared with general commercial or civilian batteries, the quality and performance requirements of batteries are relatively high and strict.
The application of military lithium batteries covers many military branches such as individual soldier systems, army tanks, special communication equipment, submarines, underwater robots, unmanned reconnaissance aircraft, satellites, and spacecraft. The high energy density, long battery life, and heavy volume and weight of military equipment power supplies are important factors affecting the combat capability of troops. For example, lithium batteries have many advantages such as high energy density, small size, light weight, long cycle life, low self discharge, no memory effect, good low-temperature performance, reliable use, low maintenance cost, fast charging, and long high current discharge time, making them the preferred choice for military equipment power supplies.
The specific requirements for military lithium batteries are as follows:
High safety: During high-intensity impacts and blows, the battery must ensure safety and not cause personal injury or death.
High reliability: It is necessary to ensure that the battery is effectively and reliably used.
High environmental adaptability: It is necessary to ensure normal use under different climatic conditions, high-intensity electromagnetic environments, high/low pressure environments, high radiation environments, and high salt environments.
There are three main types of military batteries based on electrolyte: liquid batteries, solid-state batteries, and colloidal batteries
1) Military polymer lithium battery
This type of battery is basically a solid-state battery, which has the advantages of high energy density, light weight, customizable shape according to needs, stable discharge, and support for high rate discharge. It is mainly used in portable military equipment, such as communication devices and weapons.
2) Colloidal battery
This type of battery has stable power supply, low manufacturing cost, but cannot discharge at high rates and is heavy in weight. Its gram capacity is lower than that of polymer lithium batteries, so it is mainly used in car electronic devices, which are relatively heavy and often installed in cars.
3) Military liquid battery
This type of battery is mostly liquid lithium-ion battery, with a small portion being lead-acid battery
