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As a lithium battery manufacturer, we are well aware that electric motorcycle enthusiasts constantly strive for the ultimate balance among speed, range and performance. Upgrading the battery is one of the most direct and effective ways to achieve this goal. This article will guide you step by step on how to correctly upgrade the battery from multiple professional perspectives such as voltage, current, motor compatibility and BMS management system.
The necessity of upgrading the battery for electric motorcycles
1. Range improvement: The original factory battery has a limited capacity, which limits the actual range of travel. Upgrading to a battery with a higher capacity can significantly extend the range after each charge, making it ideal for long commutes or road trips.
2. Performance enhancement: Higher voltage batteries can increase the motor speed and torque, resulting in faster acceleration and stronger climbing capabilities.
3. Battery life extension: Traditional lead-acid batteries have a shorter lifespan. Upgrading to lithium batteries (such as lithium-ion or lithium iron phosphate) can provide a lifespan of over 5 years, with higher durability, lighter weight, and faster charging speed compared to traditional lead-acid batteries.
4. Weight reduction: Lithium batteries have a higher energy density and lighter weight, making the ride more flexible.
5. Improved cold weather performance: Standard lead-acid batteries significantly degrade in performance below 0°C. Cold-resistant batteries (such as those that function normally at -20°C) perform better in cold conditions.
2. Common Upgrades for Electric Motorcycles
2.1 Battery Type Upgrade
Lead-acid battery: Low cost, mature technology, but heavy in weight and short in lifespan. Suitable for those who prioritize budget.
Tri-metallic lithium battery: Light in weight, high energy density, long driving range, but relatively high in price. It is highly suitable for users who value performance and portability.
Lithium iron phosphate battery: It has high safety, long cycle life, good heat resistance, but its energy density is slightly lower. It is recommended for users who prioritize safety.
2.2 Voltage Upgrade
Higher voltage can provide greater motor power output, thereby improving energy efficiency under the same current conditions, reducing heat generation, and extending the lifespan of the lines and controllers. For example, upgrading from 48V or 60V to 72V, or from 72V to 84V, will directly increase the motor power: P = U * I. The 72V system can provide a 50% power gain under the same current, significantly enhancing acceleration speed and reducing climbing difficulty. However, please note:
The stator windings of the motor must withstand a higher electromagnetic load.
The rated voltage of the controller MOSFET must be greater than the maximum battery pack voltage multiplied by 1.2.
Important Notice:
Controller compatibility: The controller must support a higher voltage; otherwise, it will be immediately damaged.
Motor voltage tolerance: Most commercially available brushless motors can withstand a certain degree of overvoltage, but it is recommended to operate with caution when the voltage exceeds 15%.
Regulations and Safety: In some countries/regions, there are speed limits or registration requirements for electric vehicles with a voltage exceeding 72V. Please be aware of the applicable policy restrictions.
2.3 Capacity Upgrade
Battery capacity (Ah) determines your range. For instance, the original configuration was 72V 20Ah (1440Wh), and upgrading to 72V 60Ah (4320Wh) theoretically doubles the range. When choosing the capacity, you should also balance the range and weight according to your riding habits.
2.4 Collaborative Transformation of Motor System
Motor Matching Principles
Voltage Matching: Motor rated voltage ≥ Battery nominal voltage × 0.9
Efficiency optimization: Upgrade copper wire winding (cross-sectional area ↑ by 30% can reduce resistance by 40%)
Cooling system: The liquid cooling kit increases the continuous power output by 25%.
